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KMID : 0624620220550020057
BMB Reports
2022 Volume.55 No. 2 p.57 ~ p.64
Emerging role of bystander T cell activation in autoimmune diseases
Shim Chae-Hyeon

Cho Soo-Kyung
Shin Young-Mi
Choi Je-Min
Abstract
Autoimmune disease is known to be caused by unregulated selfantigen-specific T cells, causing tissue damage. Although antigen specificity is an important mechanism of the adaptive immune system, antigen non-related T cells have been found in the inflamed tissues in various conditions. Bystander T cell activation refers to the activation of T cells without antigen recognition. During an immune response to a pathogen, bystander activation of self-reactive T cells via inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can trigger autoimmune diseases. Other antigen-specific T cells can also be bystander-activated to induce innate immune response resulting in autoimmune disease pathogenesis along with self-antigen-specific T cells. In this review, we summarize previous studies investigating bystander activation of various T cell types (NKT, ¥ã¥ä T cells, MAIT cells, conventional CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) and discuss the role of innate-like T cell response in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also review previous findings of bystander T cell function in infection and cancer. A better understanding of bystander-activated T cells versus antigen-stimulated T cells provides a novel insight to control autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
KEYWORD
Antigen specificity, Autoimmune disease, Bystander T cell activation, Innate-like functions
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